BmX

BmX

(دراجة نارية, bisikleta motocross, 自行車越野賽, bicyclette motocross, Fahrrad Motocross, motorcross sepeda, motocross bicicletta, 自転車モトクロス, Suspendisse motocross, бицикл мотокрос, велосипед мотокросс, cykel cross, motocrós de la bicicleta,)

Bmx stands for bicycle motocross

BMX bicycles are available in these models types

Dirt

Flatland

Freestyle

History(BMX)

Bicycle moto cross (bmx) started in the late 1960s in California, around the time that motocross became a popular sport in the USA.

The motorized version of the sport was the inspiration for the human powered competition. Children and teenagers with the desire but not the means to participate in motocross sated their appetite by racing bicycles on self-built tracks. These young adventurers completed the imitation by dressing themselves up in motocross gear. The sport was given the name 'bmx' and the conception was complete.

Bmx racing offered exciting action at a low cost, close to home. It is easy to see why the sport was an instant hit. In California the sport was more popular than anywhere else. During the early 1970s a sanctioning body for bmx was founded in the U.S.A. This is considered as the official start of bmx racing. As that decade progressed, the sport was introduced on other continents too, among them Europe in 1978.

In April 1981, the International BMX Federation was founded, and the first world championships were held in 1982. Bmx rapidly developed as a unique sporting entity, and after several years clearly had more in common with cycling than motorcycling codes. Thus, since January 1993 bmx has been fully integrated into the Union Cyclist International.

Freestyle BMX is now one of the staple events at the annual Summer X Games Extreme Sports competition and the Etnies Backyard Jam, held primarily on the East and West coasts of the United States. The popularity of the sport has increased due to its relative ease and availability of places to ride and do tricks.

In 2003, the International Olympic Committee made BMX a full medal Olympic sport for 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing, China, and Māris Štrombergs (male, for Latvia) and Anne-Caroline Chausson (female, for France) became the first Olympic champions.

Many great BMX riders go on to other cycling sports like downhill, including Australian Olympian Jared Graves, former "golden child" Eric Carter, and youth BMX racer Aaron Gwin.

Bicycle motocross competitions

UCI BMX World Championships	X Games	Summer Olympics – Women's BMX	Summer Olympics – Men's BMX
Hoosier Nationals ABA	European BMX Championships

Bicycle motocross tracks

Centennial Park BMX Park	Cyclopark	Gene Mason Sports Complex
Laoshan Bicycle Moto Cross (BMX) Venue	London Velopark	National Indoor BMX Arena
Gene Mason Sports Complex	Monster Skate park	Three Sisters Recreation Area

BMX RACING

BMX racing is a type of off-road bicycle racing. The format of BMX was derived from motocross racing. BMX bicycle races are sprint races on purpose-built off-road single-lap race tracks. The track usually consists of a starting gate for up to eight racers, a groomed, serpentine, dirt race course made of various jumps and rollers and a finish line. The course is usually flat, about 15-foot (4.6 m) wide and has large banked corners that help the riders maintain speed. The sport of BMX racing is facilitated by a number of regional and international sanctioning bodies. They provide rules for governing the conduct of the flying, specify age group and skill-level classifications among the racers, and maintain some kind of points-accumulation system over the racing season. The sport is very family oriented and largely participant-driven, with riders ranging in age from 3 to 70, and over. Professional ranks exist for both men and women, where the age ranges from 19 to 40 years old.

A BMX "Class" bike is a strong, quick-handling, lightweight derivative of the standard 20-inch (510 mm)-wheel

While BMX racing is an individual sport, teams are often formed from racers in different classifications for camaraderie and often for business exposure of a sponsoring organization or company. BMX racing rewards strength, quickness, and bike handling. Many successful BMX racers have gone on to leverage their skills in other forms of bicycle and motorcycle competitions.

There are all types of BMX jumps, ranging from small rollers to massive step-up doubles. There are pro staights which are for junior and elite men. They are all doubles which range from about 6 m to 12 m, while "Class" straights have more flow and have many more range of jumps.

How to Do BMX Tricks

First things first

1.     Wear socks that are high enough to at least cover your ankles while doing tricks.

2.     Make sure your bicycle is properly maintained before attempting any tricks.

3.     Wear flat-soled trainer or tennis shoes for proper adhesion to the pedals while performing tricks.

4.     Wear gloves that cover each hand entirely while performing tricks.

5.     Wear a full-face helmet while performing tricks.

Bunny hop.

1.     Start riding at a slow pace.

2.     Lift up the front tire by pulling up on the handlebars.

3.     Push the handlebars forward while in the air. This will raise the back tire. The entire bicycle should be in the air at this point.

4.     Land the bicycle.

Barhop.

1.  Ride at a fast pace.

2.  Raise your feet on the pedals.

3.  Balance the bicycle with your body.

4.  Jump over the handlebars.

X jump.

1.     Jump a ramp with your bicycle.

2.     Lean back.

3.     Center your knees on the seat.

4.     Turn the handlebars until your arms make an "X."

5.     Straighten the handlebars before landing.

180.

1.  Ride at a moderate speed.

2.  Lift up the front tire by pulling on the handlebars.

3.  Push the handlebars forward while in the air.

4.  Twist both shoulders and your head toward the back tire.

5.Land the bicycle.

You will be facing the opposite direction.

360.

1.     Ride at a moderate speed.

2.     Lift the front tire by pulling on the handlebars.

3.     Push the handlebars forward while in the air.

4.     Turn your head and shoulders toward the back tire.

5.     Keep your knees bent while doing this.

6.     Land the bicycle.

You should have completed a full rotation in the air.

Bar spin.

1.     Allow your bicycle to begin rolling.

2.     Slightly pinch the seat with your inner thigh.

Keep the pedals flat while you do this.

3.     Pull on the handlebars to raise your front tire.

4.     Spin the handlebars while the front tire is off the ground.

5.     Catch the handlebars once they make a full rotation

Front-jam endo.

1.     Ride at a moderate speed.

2.     Lift up either foot.

3.     Jam your foot in the fork at a 50-degree angle.

The fork is the area between your front tire and the frame of the bicycle.

Your back tire will raise, which completes the trick.

Wall ride.

1.     Ride towards a wall at a moderate speed.

2.     Do a small bunny hop (see the first trick) onto the wall.

3.     Pedal the bicycle as you lead toward the wall.

4.     Lean away from the wall and land the bicycle on the ground.

       Tricks

        Grinds

1.  Grinds are where a rider’s bike will slide along a surface (such as a rail, ledge or lip of a ramp) on a part of the bike other than the wheels. Usually “stunt pegs” are used; these are short tubes attached in line with an axle that project out from the main frame so that they can slide along the surface which they grind. Some grinds also involve the cranks and pedals.
2.  Double peg: The rider must bunny-hop on and land both pegs on the rail or ledge (wheels must be off the ground for all grinds).
3.  Feeble grind: The most basic grind to do on a ledge. The rider must bunny hop and land the rear peg and the front wheel on the ledge. This is easy to do on a ledge because ledges are generally wider than rails.
4.  Smith grind: The step up from a feeble. The rider must bunny-hop and land the front peg and rear wheel on the ledge or rail.
5.  Luc-e grind: The rider must bunny-hop, turn the handlebars 45 degrees, and land the back peg and the pedal on the ledge and lean back, keeping the front wheel off the ground but not grinding the front peg on the top of the ledge either.
6.  UnLuc-e grind: The rider bunny hops and lands the front peg and pedal on the ledge or rail, keeping the back wheel off the ground.
7.  Rollercoaster grind: The rider must find two rails or ledges close enough together so they can bunny hop and grind with at least one peg on each rail.
8.  Icepick grind: A rear peg grind where the rider is riding on the back peg only with the front wheel above the rail or ledge they are grinding on.
9.  Crooked grind: When alternate pegs are on either side of the rail.
10.  Predator grind: When the rider does a double peg grind on a rail then hops over to his alternate pegs.
11.  Toothpick grind: The rider slides on the front peg only with the rear wheel in mid air.
12.  Toothpick hangover: (Also known as Tooth-hanger) a toothpick grind where the rider hangs the rear end of their bike over the opposite side of the rail or ledge they are grinding.
13.  Snaggletooth: This is an over to toothpick hangover.
14.  Crank arm grind: This is when the rider hops onto a rail or smooth obstacle and grinds on the crank arm of their bike.

Air tricks

1.  These tricks take place in the air. Freestyle dirt BMX involves many air tricks.
2.  Tabletop: While in the air the rider will bring the bike up to one side of him/her by turning the handlebars and using body movement making the bike look like it is flat like the top of a table.
3.  Superman: The rider removes both feet and extends them outwards to resemble Superman in flight.
4.  Superman Seat Grab: A variation of the Superman where the rider takes one hand off and grabs the seat while extending their body before grabbing back on to the bars and landing
5.  Bar spin: Spinning the handle bars 360° while in the air.
6.  Tail whip: The rider throws the bike out to one side while still holding onto the handle bars so that the frame goes 360° around the steering tube; the rider then catches the frame again and stands back on the pedals.
7.  Decade: Similar to the flatland decade, the riders throw themselves around the bike while still holding on the handlebars before coming back round to meet the bike and land on the pedals.
8.  Backflip: Both rider and bike do a backward flip while in the air, usually from one ramp to another.
9.  Front flip: Both rider and bike do a forward flip while in the air, again, usually from one ramp to another.
10.  Flair: Both rider and bike do a backflip combined with a 180, to land facing back down the ramp. Usually performed on a quarter pipe.
11.  180°: The rider and bike spin 180° in the air and land backwards, in what is called fakie (riding backwards).
12.  360°: The rider and bike spin 360°.
13.  540: The rider picks up the bike and spins it 540 degrees.
14.  X-up: The rider turns the bars at least 180 degrees, so the arms are crossed and then turns them back.
15.  Can: The rider brings a foot over the bike to the other side.
16.  No Footed Can: The rider does a can but takes the other foot off the pedal as well, so that both legs are on one side of the bike.
17.  Tire grab: The rider grabs the front tire.
18.  Toboggan: The rider takes one hand off the bars and grabs their seat, then returns their hand to the bars before landing.
19.  Tuck no Hander: The rider tucks in the handlebars and takes both hands off.
20.  Turn down: The rider will whip the bike out to one side and turn the handle bars into his or her legs wrapping them around their leg.
21.  Crank flip: The rider bunny hops and kicks the pedals backwards so the crank arms make a 360° spin and then feet are placed back on pedals to stop the cranks.
22.  ET: The rider is in midair and pedals quickly as though he is riding normally.
23.  TE: The rider is in midair and pedals backwards quickly. A Backwards ET.
24.  Bike flip: The rider flips his bicycle without moving his body in midair.
25.  Truck driver: The rider spins the bike 360 degrees whilst doing a bar spin in midair.
26.  Half cab: The rider fakies/rollouts and gives extra pedal pressure to pick up the bike and make a 180 degree rotation, completing the fakie, rollout.
27.  Full cab: The rider fakies/rollouts and gives extra pedal pressure to pick up the bike and make a 360 degree rotation, making the bike return in the same position, and having to finish the fakie/rollout.
28.  540 cab: The rider fakies/rollouts and gives extra pedal pressure to pick up the bike and make a 540 degree rotation, with no need to finish to fakie/rollout.
29.  Variations and combinations of these tricks also exist, for example a 360° tail whip would be where the rider spins 360° in one direction and the frame of the bike spins 360° around the steer tube, both bike and rider will then meet again, with the rider catching the pedals, facing the same direction as before the trick.

Flatland tricks

1.  BMX, butand tricks usually involve much balance, more often than not with only one wheel in contact with the ground.
2.  Wheelie or Catwalk: The most basic of flatland tricks, the wheelie is when the rider rides the bike on only the back wheel whilst pedaling.
3.  Endo: Basic flatland trick where the rider uses the front brake or a curb to lift the back wheel and balance on the front tire.
4.  Front or Back Pogos: Basic flatland trick where the rider stands on the wheel pegs (front or back), locks the wheel's brake, and hops with the other wheel in the air.
5.  Manual: A step-up from the wheelie, the manual is essentially the same only the rider does not pedal; this makes the trick more difficult to perform as point of balance between the front and back of the bike has to be reached. Professional riders can often do this until their bike runs out of momentum.
6.  Pogo: The most popular advanced basic trick. Created in the 80's, it is executed by swinging the bike to a vertical position on its rear wheel while the rider sits and hops on it to maintain balance.
7.  Nose manual: The same concept as a manual, only performed with the back wheel in the air and the front wheel on the ground.
8.  Bunny hop: A bunny hop is achieved when a rider jumps the bike into the air from flat ground (this can also be done close to the lip of ramp to gain more height) so that neither wheels are touching the ground.
9.  Dork manual: When rider puts one foot on the peg, and the other foot in the air, controlling balance, and ride down the street in a manual with the foot on the peg.
10.  Fork manual: When a rider puts one foot on the front peg and spins the handlebars around, to lift the bike up into a fakie manual, with both feet on pegs.
11.  Foot jam tail whip: The rider jams his/her foot in the fork to start a foot jam endo then kicks the tail of the bike around. When the tail of the bike goes 360 degrees the rider puts his/her foot back on the pedals. An alternate trick is to jump the frame as it comes around repeatedly until the rider elects to put his/her foot back on the pedals.
12.  Foot jam: The rider jams his foot between the forks and tire, stopping the bike, and he balances with the back tire airborne.
13.  Hang-5: when the rider does a nose manual whilst having one foot on the front axle peg and the other foot dangling, usually used to keep balance and steady.
14.  Steamroller: An Advanced trick. The rider stays on front peg, and sends the bike to front with his other foot, then balances on one wheel while holding the body of bike with one hand and moving at front.
15.  Time machine: An extremely hard trick. Rider stands on one back peg, then starts to make a manual, after balances it, changes hands on bar while manualing and grabs the front peg with his free hand. After that, rider starts to turn at extremely high speed as like he’s drawing a "O" on ground.
16.      Indian giver: This is where the rider fakies/rollouts in the opposite direction than the way of that they spun in. This is usually easily fixed by learning how to fakie/rollout the correct way, thus making the execution and finishing look cleaner.
17.      Pro Hop: Similar to the bunny hop besides you bring the front wheel up before the back wheel when you hop.

Freestyle BMX

Freestyle BMX is a synonym for bicycle motocross stunt riding, a sport branch that hails from extreme sports.

      It consists of five disciplines:

1.       Street
2.       Park 
3.       Vert
4.       Trails 
5.       Flatland

    Disciplines

     Freestyle BMX riders participate in several well-established disciplines. As in the other forms of freestyle riding, there are no specific rules; style/aesthetics, skills, and creativity are stressed. Street riders tend to have no brakes. If they do, it is mostly straight cable, not gyro. Usually they have front and back pegs on one side of the bike. They also have a tendency to ride without flanges on their grips. Some people like this because the flange gets in the way when they are doing a bar spin trick. Others mostly just like it because of the clean look.

      Park

    Skate parks are used by BMX riders as well as skateboarders, inline skaters and freestyle scooter-riders. Skateparks themselves can be made of wood, concrete or metal. Styles of riding will depend on the style of the parks. Wood is more suited to a flowing style, with riders searching for gaps and aiming to higher air from the coping. Concrete parks usually tend to contain bowls and pools. However, it is not unusual for riders to merge the two styles in either type of park.

    Concrete parks are commonly built outdoors due to their ability to withstand years of exposure to the elements. Concrete parks are also often publicly funded due to their permanent and costly nature. Parks made from wood are popular with commercial skateparks due to ease of construction, availability of materials, cost, and the relative safety associated with falling on wood instead of concrete. Parks designed with BMX use in mind will typically have steel coping that is less prone to damage than concrete or pool coping.

    Vert
Vert ramp

   Vert is a freestyle BMX discipline performed in a half pipe consisting of two quarter pipes set facing each other (much like a mini ramp), but at around 10–15 feet tall (around 2.5 to 3.5 meters) high. The biggest ramp ever used in competition is the X-Games big air ramp at 27 feet (8.2 m) tall. Both ‘faces’ of the ramp have an extension to the transition that is vertical, hence the name. Coping is a round metal tube at the lip of the vert that helps freestyle BMXers do grinds, and stalls on the lip of the vert.

    Riders go up each jump, performing tricks in the air before landing into the transition having turned 180 degrees (assumptively. variations include 540, 900). A typical run involves going from one side to the other, airing above the coping each side. Also possible are 'lip tricks' - tricks on the platform at the top of the ramps before dropping into the ramp. Many tricks consist of the rider grabbing a part of the bike or removing body parts off the bike.

     Trails

    Trails are lines of jumps built from dirt (heavily compacted). It can also be named as a pack such as a 4 pack, 6 pack and 8 pack. The jumps consist of a steep take off, called a lip, with an often slightly less steep landing. The lip and landing are usually built as separate mounds, divided by a gap. The gap is measured from the topmost part of the lip, horizontally to the topmost part of the far side of the landing. Gaps typically range from only a couple of feet to over twenty feet. A moderate gap is around twelve feet.

     Trails riding is sometimes also referred to as “dirt jumping”. Most trails riders maintain that a subtle difference exists in the style and flow of “dirt jumps” and “trails”; trails riders focus more on of a flowing smooth style from one jump to the next while performing more stylish tricks, while dirt jumpers try to perform the craziest tricks they can over larger, less flow-oriented jumps.

    Although many regard trails and street as being completely opposite, the attraction is similar — trails riders build their own jumps so their riding is limited only by their creativity and resourcefulness.

   Trails riders usually run a rear brake only as they have no use for a front brake, and usually a rotor (gyro) to make it easier to do barspins, so they do not have to spin the bars back the other way to untangle them, which is hard to do on trails. In general, trail/dirt jumping bikes have longer wheelbases (chainstays) than other BMXs to aid with stability, the added stability is important in trails riding.

     Flatland

     BMX Flatland rider Caleb Rider at Santa Monica beach.

     Flatland BMX occupies a position somewhat removed from the rest of freestyle BMX. People who ride in the above disciplines will generally take part in at least one of the others, but flatlanders tend to only ride flatland. They are often very dedicated and will spend several hours a day perfecting their technique.

    Flatland also differs from the others in that the terrain used is nothing but a smooth, flat surface (e.g. an asphalt parking lot, basketball courts, etc.). Tricks are performed by spinning and balancing in a variety of body and bicycle positions. Riders almost always use knurled aluminum pegs to stand on to manipulate the bike into even stranger positions.

    Flatland bikes typically have a shorter wheelbase than other freestyle bikes. Flatland bikes differ from dirt jumping bikes and freestyle bikes in one way. The frames are often more heavily reinforced because the people riding flatland often stand on the frames. This shorter wheelbase requires less effort to make the bike spin or to position the bike on one wheel. One of the primary reasons flatlanders often ride only flatland is the decreased stability of a shorter bike on ramps, dirt and street.

    A variety of options are commonly found on flatland bikes. The most unifying feature of flatland bikes is the use of four pegs, one on the end of each wheel axle. Flatland riders will choose to run either a front brake, a rear brake, both brakes, or no brakes at all, depending on stylistic preference.